What Hurts a Home Appraisal in Los Angeles
Unpermitted work, fire zone issues, bad comps, deferred maintenance - the 13 factors that cause appraisals to come in low, and what buyers and sellers can do about it.
In 13 years of closing transactions across LA County, I've watched appraisals kill deals that should have closed - and I've also watched sellers and buyers navigate low appraisals and still get to the table. The difference almost always comes down to preparation and understanding what the appraiser is actually measuring.
Los Angeles real estate is architecturally and geographically unique. Hillside Craftsmans in Mt. Washington, HPOZ-protected Mid-Century homes in Highland Park, Spanish Revivals in Los Feliz, post-wildfire lots in Altadena - each of these presents a different appraisal challenge. Add in LA's tangled permit history and you have a market where appraisal issues are not the exception. They're a routine part of the transaction.
This guide covers what actually causes appraisals to come in low in Los Angeles, what sellers can do before the appraiser arrives, and what buyers should do when the number doesn't match the contract price. Everything here comes from verified sources and from what I see in practice, not from generic real estate advice written for Houston suburbs.
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- 1. Unpermitted Work (Biggest Factor)
- 2. Deferred Maintenance
- 3. Bad Comparable Sales
- 4. Fire Zone Designations
- 5. Hillside and Access Issues
- 6. Soft-Story Retrofit Compliance
- 7. Functional Obsolescence
- 8. What Buyers Do When Appraisal Is Low
- 9. Seller Pre-Appraisal Checklist
- 10. Reconsideration of Value Process
- 11. ADU Appraisal Issues in LA
- 12. What Lenders Look for Beyond the Number
- 13. Why Appraiser Familiarity Matters
- 14. 6 Appraisal Mistakes to Avoid
- 15. FAQ (10 Questions)
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Reserve Your Free Seat →1. Unpermitted Work - The Single Biggest Appraisal Killer in LA
Los Angeles has one of the highest concentrations of unpermitted work in the country. Garage conversions, ADUs, added bathrooms, enclosed patios, roof decks - I've seen all of it listed as "square footage" in MLS descriptions when it was never permitted through the LA Department of Building and Safety. When the appraiser comes through, the math falls apart.
Under Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac guidelines - which govern conventional mortgage underwriting - appraisers cannot count unpermitted space as gross living area (GLA). The space gets either zeroed out completely or valued at a steep discount. Industry practice in LA puts that discount at 15 to 25 percent compared to permitted square footage. On a $900,000 home where a 400 sq ft garage conversion was never pulled through the city, you could be looking at a $100,000 or more reduction in appraised value.
The partial relief: California AB 2533, effective January 1, 2025, creates a simplified amnesty path for unpermitted ADUs and Junior ADUs built before January 1, 2020. If a Highland Park garage conversion or backyard unit was completed before that date, the city must approve a legalization permit if it meets basic health and safety standards - no penalty fees, fewer code barriers. This doesn't fix all unpermitted work, but it's a real path for ADU owners in NELA and the SGV.
2. Deferred Maintenance - Condition Ratings That Quietly Reduce Value
Appraisers use a condition rating scale from C1 (new or near-new) to C6 (severe deterioration). Most Los Angeles homes land between C3 and C4. The difference between a C3 and a C4 rating on an $800,000 home can easily be $20,000 to $40,000 in appraised value - and sellers almost never realize it's happening.
What triggers a C4 or worse? Peeling exterior paint, cracked stucco, broken HVAC systems, water-stained ceilings, rotted wood eaves, cracked driveways, dead or overgrown landscaping, and mold. LA's dry climate means deferred exterior maintenance is extremely visible - peeling paint on a Craftsman in Eagle Rock or faded stucco on a Silver Lake bungalow reads as neglect, not character. Appraisers note it and adjust accordingly.
Triggers condition downgrade on FHA/VA. Fix before listing - especially eaves, window trim, and fences.
Non-functional heating or cooling is a C4+ trigger. Appraisers must note inoperable systems.
Active or historic water damage creates both a condition issue and a disclosure obligation. Address before appraisal.
Especially in VHFHSZ fire zones - defensible space violations can flag the property. Trim vegetation away from the structure.
Buying or selling in LA and concerned about appraisal issues? Justin has 13+ years navigating this market.
Text Justin - (213) 262-50923. Bad Comparable Sales - When the Data Works Against You
An appraisal is only as good as the comparable sales an appraiser can pull. In Los Angeles - a city of distinct micro-markets, architectural variety, and topographical differences - comps can be extremely hard to find. A hillside home in Mt. Washington doesn't compare cleanly to a flat-lot home two blocks away. A Spanish Revival in Los Feliz doesn't comp against a 1960s ranch in Atwater Village. When the appraiser can't find close comps, they widen the search radius, make larger adjustments, and the result is often conservative.
The problem is compounded in slow markets. After the January 2025 Palisades and Eaton fires, sales volume dropped significantly in parts of the San Gabriel Valley and NELA. Less transaction data means fewer comps, which means appraisers using six-month-old data that doesn't reflect current market conditions - and in a rising market, older data is almost always lower data.
HPOZ-protected neighborhoods like parts of Highland Park (90042) and portions of Pasadena add another layer of comp complexity. Renovation scope is restricted by the city, which limits the ceiling on improvement value. Appraisers who aren't familiar with HPOZ rules may under-adjust for the architectural character premium that buyers in these neighborhoods genuinely pay - which is why choosing a local appraiser with area familiarity matters.
4. Fire Hazard Zone Designation - The Post-2025 Appraisal Factor
After the January 2025 wildfires, fire zone designation became an even more significant appraisal factor across Los Angeles. Properties in a Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone (VHFHSZ) carry mandatory disclosures under AB 38, compliance requirements for defensible space, and - critically - fire insurance that can cost $3,000 to $10,000 per year or be unavailable through the standard market entirely.
Appraisers don't ignore these carrying costs. A home with structural fire risk, limited comparable post-fire sales, and a shrinking buyer pool (fewer buyers can qualify for the insurance) will appraise lower than an equivalent home outside the fire zone. CAL FIRE updated its 2025 Local Responsibility Area fire hazard severity zone maps, which expanded VHFHSZ designations across parts of LA County - meaning properties that weren't previously in a high zone now are.
5. Hillside Properties and Access Issues
Hillside homes in Silver Lake, Echo Park, Mt. Washington, Glassell Park, and parts of Eagle Rock face a structural comp problem - there simply aren't enough similar properties closing frequently enough to give appraisers clean data. The appraiser may have to pull comps from different neighborhoods, make large adjustments for lot slope, driveway grade, and access, and the result is often more conservative than the market actually supports.
Beyond comp scarcity, hillside homes carry specific issues that appraisers are trained to flag: narrow or steep access streets that reduce buyer pool size, retaining wall maintenance obligations, landslide or slope instability zones, soils reports that reveal geological concerns, and staircase-heavy floor plans that don't work for buyers with mobility limitations. Each of these creates a downward adjustment.
| Hillside Factor | Appraisal Impact | Risk Level |
|---|---|---|
| Steep driveway (greater than 15%) | Reduced buyer pool, downward adjustment | Moderate |
| Retaining wall deferred maintenance | Condition downgrade, safety notation | High |
| Staircase-only access to entry | Functional obsolescence adjustment | Moderate |
| Fire zone + steep slope | Dual risk factor, significant discount | High |
| Limited comparable closed sales | Appraiser widens radius, uses older data | Moderate |
| Soils report with geological concerns | Lender may require engineering review | High |
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6. Soft-Story Retrofit Compliance - An LA-Specific Appraisal Factor
In 2015, the City of Los Angeles began a mandatory soft-story retrofit program targeting wood-frame buildings with open ground floors built before 1978. If you're buying or selling a multi-unit building in LA - or a single-family home with a carport or garage under the living space - the retrofit status is something an appraiser will note and a lender will flag.
Buildings that haven't completed mandatory soft-story retrofits are flagged in the LADBS system. Appraisers with experience in LA's multifamily market know to check. If a building has a retrofit order and hasn't complied, the appraiser may call out the deferred obligation - which means either a price adjustment or a "subject to completion" condition on the loan. The same logic applies to cripple wall bracing in older single-family homes in seismically active areas of the city.
7. Functional Obsolescence - When the Floor Plan Hurts the Value
Appraisers use a concept called "functional obsolescence" to describe features that were once standard but are now considered suboptimal by today's buyers. In LA, this shows up in several specific ways: compartmentalized floor plans with no open kitchen-to-living connection, bedrooms accessible only by walking through another bedroom, bathrooms that are only accessible from outside the house (a common quirk in older Craftsman homes), and single-car garages when the neighborhood expects two.
HPOZ-designated homes in neighborhoods like Highland Park and parts of South Pasadena face a specific version of this problem. Renovation restrictions limit the ability to open walls, change window placement, or modernize the floor plan - which means some of the functional obsolescence is permanent and appraisers factor that in. The premium for architectural character is real in these neighborhoods, but it doesn't always fully offset the functional limitations, especially at the upper end of the price range.
Floor Plans That Support Value
- Open kitchen connected to living area
- Primary suite with private bathroom
- Two-car garage (or equivalent)
- All bedrooms accessible from hallway
- Indoor laundry area
- Logical bedroom count for lot size
Floor Plans That Hurt Value
- Walk-through bedrooms with no private entry
- Single exterior bathroom (older Craftsmans)
- Kitchens walled off from living areas
- Single-car garage in 2-car neighborhood
- Outdoor laundry only
- Unusable square footage (steep storage areas)
8. What Buyers Should Do When the Appraisal Comes In Low
A low appraisal doesn't automatically kill the deal - but it changes the math. In California, what you can do depends heavily on whether you included an appraisal contingency in your offer. In LA's competitive market, many buyers waive appraisal contingencies to win - which means they've already agreed to cover any gap out of pocket. If you still have the contingency, you have more options.
Here's what I tell my clients when the number comes back short. For the full breakdown on how appraisals work in LA transactions, read my guide on home appraisal in Los Angeles - that piece covers the full appraisal process from start to finish. This article focuses on what hurts the number.
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9. What Sellers Can Do Before the Appraisal to Protect Value
The best time to think about appraisal is 30 to 60 days before you list, not after you're under contract. By the time you have a buyer, you have 17 days (in a standard California purchase agreement) before the appraisal contingency needs to be removed - and whatever the appraiser finds, you're dealing with it in real time under deadline pressure. Pre-listing appraisal preparation eliminates most of the surprises.
I also recommend that sellers in LA consider ordering a pre-listing appraisal for homes with significant unpermitted work or unusual architectural features. A $500 to $700 investment to understand the number before you list is far less painful than a $50,000 renegotiation after you're already in escrow. If you're also thinking about what your home is worth right now, I publish a free market valuation - see the link below.
- 1Pull permit records from LADBS. Know what is and isn't permitted before the appraiser does. Search online at ladbs.org using your property address. Note any open permits or violations and decide whether to resolve them before listing.
- 2Fix visible deferred maintenance. Prioritize exterior paint, broken fixtures, cracked driveways, and overgrown landscaping. These are direct condition rating factors. Even minor improvements can move a C4 up to a C3 - which matters.
- 3Prepare a comp package with your agent. Your agent should compile 3 to 5 closed sales within the last 6 months that best support your price. Present this to the appraiser at the inspection as a supplement - not as pressure, but as data they may not have retrieved.
- 4Document improvements in writing. Create a one-page list of renovations with dates and approximate costs - kitchen, HVAC, roof, solar, ADU, windows, etc. Appraisers use condition and quality ratings, and documented improvements support higher ratings. Don't assume the appraiser will notice what you've done.
- 5Provide full access to all spaces. Clear the garage, open the attic hatch, leave all doors unlocked or have a plan to give access. Appraisers who cannot access a space will not count it. A cluttered garage that blocks measurement could cost you square footage credit.
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Get My Free Home Valuation →10. How to Request a Reconsideration of Value in California
A Reconsideration of Value (ROV) is a formal request to the lender asking the appraiser to review the valuation in light of new evidence. The most common grounds for an ROV in LA are: the appraiser missed recent comparable sales, used comps from significantly different neighborhoods, made factual errors about the property's features or square footage, or failed to account for a relevant renovation.
Under Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac guidelines, lenders must have an ROV process available to borrowers for conventional loans. You submit the request through your lender - not directly to the appraiser - along with a written explanation and supporting documentation. The lender forwards it to the appraiser, who must respond in writing. An ROV is not a guarantee of a revised number; it's a request for the appraiser to review specific evidence they may have missed.
Note that the ROV landscape shifted in 2025. The FHA rescinded its 2024 ROV mandate as of March 2025 - but lenders can still request ROV on FHA loans voluntarily. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac ROV policies were not rescinded and remain in effect for conventional loans. If you're in a conventional transaction, your lender is required to have an ROV process - ask them for it in writing.
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Get My Free Pre-Listing Valuation →ADU Appraisal Issues: A Growing Problem in Los Angeles
Accessory Dwelling Units have exploded in Los Angeles since SB 9, SB 10, and the state's ADU legalization push. In neighborhoods like Glassell Park, Highland Park, Cypress Park, and South Pasadena, ADUs are now a standard feature of residential properties. But appraisers are still catching up to how to value them, and the gap between what an owner thinks the ADU is worth and what an appraiser will count is often significant.
Here is what I've seen consistently in transactions involving ADUs across the LA market: the income approach (valuing the ADU based on rental income it could generate) is rarely used for single-family properties with an attached or detached ADU. Instead, the appraiser uses the sales comparison approach and looks for comparable homes that also have ADUs. In neighborhoods where ADU adoption is still early, those comps may not exist. When comps are scarce, the ADU contribution to appraised value shrinks.
Strongest appraisal position. Appraiser can count square footage as GLA and look for ADU comparable sales. Rental income may be considered on multifamily-analysis approach.
Cannot be counted as GLA. Appraiser must note it, lender may require resolution before funding on FHA/VA. Value impact: $50K-$150K on average LA property.
Internal unit within primary structure. If permitted, counted as GLA. Must have separate entrance and efficiency kitchen. SB 9 allows JADUs on most LA residential lots.
Even a fully permitted ADU is undervalued if the appraiser can't find recent ADU comp sales in the area. Provide any ADU comps you can find at the inspection appointment.
The ADU comp problem is most acute in mid-price neighborhoods where ADU adoption has been high but the resale market hasn't fully caught up. Eagle Rock (90041), Highland Park (90042), and Atwater Village (90039) all saw significant ADU construction between 2018 and 2023 - but ADU-equipped homes haven't been reselling long enough to build a deep comparable sales pool. This will improve over time, but it's a real appraisal risk in 2026.
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What Lenders Look for Beyond the Appraised Number
Buyers often focus on the appraised dollar amount and miss the second page of the appraisal report: the condition and quality ratings, the lender overlays, and the "subject to" conditions that can delay or kill a loan even when the number is fine. In my 13 years of LA transactions, I've seen deals fall apart not because of the value, but because of what the appraiser flagged about the property's condition.
Lenders layer their own requirements on top of the appraisal. These are called overlays. A conventional loan from Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac has baseline property eligibility standards. Lenders can add stricter requirements on top. FHA and VA loans are stricter still. Here's what commonly triggers lender overlays in Los Angeles transactions:
| Trigger | Loan Type Most Affected | Likely Outcome |
|---|---|---|
| Exposed wiring or open electrical panels | FHA, VA, Conventional | Subject to repair before funding |
| Active roof leaks or water intrusion | FHA, VA, Conventional | Subject to repair, reinspection required |
| Peeling paint on pre-1978 homes | FHA, VA | Lead paint disclosure, repair required on FHA |
| Non-functional plumbing or heating | FHA, VA, most Conventional | Subject to repair, functional systems required |
| Unpermitted additions flagged by appraiser | FHA, VA, Conventional | Square footage excluded, value reduced, may block funding |
| Signs of pest activity or wood damage | VA (most strict), FHA, Conventional | Pest report required; VA will not fund with active infestation |
| VHFHSZ designation without insurance confirmation | All loan types | Lender requires insurance binder before closing; no FAIR Plan for some |
| Active soft-story retrofit order | Multi-unit conventional, FHA | Lender may require completion or escrow holdback |
Every one of these triggers creates a "subject to" condition on the appraisal - meaning the loan will not fund until the appraiser reinspects and signs off. Reinspection adds 1 to 3 weeks to the escrow timeline and costs an additional $100 to $200 for the reinspection fee. Factor that into your negotiation if the inspection reveals any of these issues before you go under contract.
The takeaway for buyers: read the full appraisal report, not just the value on page one. If you see "subject to" language, that means your loan cannot fund until the listed condition is corrected and the appraiser does a reinspection. Budget for that delay - typically 2 to 4 weeks - and negotiate who pays for the repair in the purchase agreement.
The takeaway for sellers: address every item on the lender overlay list before the appraisal, not after. A seller who fixes peeling paint, clears vegetation in the fire zone, and provides attic access before the appraiser arrives eliminates almost all of the "subject to" risk before it can delay or kill the deal.
Why Appraiser Familiarity with Your Neighborhood Matters
Los Angeles does not have a uniform housing market. Pasadena is not Boyle Heights. Eagle Rock is not Van Nuys. An appraiser who primarily works in the San Fernando Valley may not have a deep comp library for Silver Lake or Mt. Washington - and that unfamiliarity translates directly into conservative adjustments and a lower number.
When you're using a lender-ordered appraisal, you typically don't get to select the appraiser. The Appraisal Management Company (AMC) assigns from a panel. But you can do two things: first, ask your lender if they can request an appraiser with experience in the specific neighborhood (some will accommodate this if justified). Second, provide the appraiser with neighborhood-specific data at the inspection. If you're in an HPOZ zone, explain the designation. If you're on a hillside, document access and any improvements made to the driveway or retaining walls. Make the appraiser's job easier, and the report is more likely to capture the full picture.
Signs of a Neighborhood-Familiar Appraiser
- Uses comps within 0.5 miles when available
- References neighborhood-specific factors (HPOZ, fire zone)
- Correctly identifies architectural style for quality rating
- Applies hillside or lot-slope adjustments accurately
- Shows awareness of recent zoning changes (ADU, SB 9)
- Asks questions specific to the property type
Red Flags in an Appraisal Report
- Comps pulled from different neighborhoods or zip codes
- No adjustment for hillside or topographic factors
- Wrong architectural style classification
- Missed recent sales closer to the subject property
- ADU not addressed or incorrectly categorized
- Identical condition ratings with no local context
If the appraisal report shows these red flags, that's your basis for a Reconsideration of Value. Document the specific errors - wrong comp, missed sale, incorrect adjustment - and present them to your lender with supporting data. An ROV built on specific factual corrections has a real chance of changing the number.
One more practical note: in LA's slower-moving January-to-March period, some sellers request a pre-listing appraisal before going to market. A pre-listing appraisal costs $500 to $900 and gives you an independent benchmark. If the number is lower than expected, you have time to pull permits, fix condition issues, or adjust your price expectations before hitting the MLS. If the number supports your target price, it becomes a marketing tool - showing buyers that an independent appraiser already validated the value before the offer was made. Not every listing strategy calls for it, but for hillside homes, ADU properties, or anything with known permit issues, it's often worth the cost.
11. 6 Appraisal Mistakes Buyers and Sellers Make in Los Angeles
If the appraiser counts your listed square footage and discovers the addition wasn't permitted, you have a problem - and a possible disclosure liability.
Before you waive, your agent should model what happens if the home appraises 5 or 10 percent below the offer price. Know your exposure before you commit.
Appraisers work with MLS data. In micro-markets with limited sales, relevant comps can get missed. Give the appraiser your best data upfront.
Every condition step down costs money. A $3,000 paint job that moves you from C4 to C3 can be worth $20,000 in appraised value on a mid-range LA home.
Defensible space violations in a VHFHSZ property are visible to the appraiser and flagged. Clear brush and vegetation before the appraisal date.
AVM tools like Zillow's Zestimate use broad data patterns that don't account for unpermitted work, hillside access, fire zone status, or condition. They're often wrong in LA by 10 to 20 percent.
For a deeper look at how LA home values are determined beyond the appraisal, read my guide on how much is my house worth in Los Angeles. And if you're a buyer trying to understand whether the current LA market is working for or against you, the buyers market Los Angeles real estate guide breaks down current conditions.
Quick Reference - Appraisal Risk by Situation
| Your Situation | Appraisal Risk | What to Do |
|---|---|---|
| Unpermitted addition or garage conversion | Very High | Pull permit or legalize before listing (AB 2533 for pre-2020 ADUs) |
| C4 condition (visible deferred maintenance) | High | Fix paint, broken fixtures, stucco before appraisal date |
| VHFHSZ fire zone designation | High | Clear defensible space, have insurance documentation ready |
| Hillside home with limited comps | Moderate-High | Request a local appraiser; provide comp package at inspection |
| HPOZ-protected historic home | Moderate | Highlight comparable HPOZ sales, document architectural premium |
| Soft-story building, open retrofit order | High | Check LADBS, complete retrofit or disclose with cost estimate |
| Low comps in slow post-fire market | Moderate | Provide recent sales from outside impacted zip codes; use ROV |
| Waived appraisal contingency on offer | Buyer's Risk | Model worst-case gap; verify cash reserves before waiving |
| FHA or VA loan on property with condition issues | High | Fix prior to inspection; FHA/VA MPR standards are stricter than conventional |
| Appraisal came in low - what to do | Depends on contingency | Renegotiate price, cover gap, file ROV, or walk (if contingency intact) |
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the single biggest thing that hurts a home appraisal in Los Angeles?
Unpermitted additions and conversions are the single biggest value-killer in LA. Appraisers cannot count unpermitted square footage as gross living area under Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac guidelines. A 400 sq ft unpermitted garage conversion on a $900,000 home can reduce the appraised value by $100,000 or more.
How much does a home appraisal cost in Los Angeles?
A standard residential appraisal in Los Angeles typically costs $500 to $900. VA loan appraisals for single-family homes in LA County are set at $800. Complex properties, hillside homes, and estate appraisals can run $1,000 to $1,500 or more. The buyer typically pays at closing.
What happens if a home appraisal comes in low in California?
If the appraisal comes in below the purchase price, you have four options: renegotiate the price with the seller, pay the gap in cash, submit a Reconsideration of Value with new comparable sales evidence, or walk away if you have an appraisal contingency in the contract. Most deals are renegotiated rather than cancelled.
Does being in a fire hazard zone hurt a home appraisal in Los Angeles?
Yes. Properties in a Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone require AB 38 disclosures, defensible space compliance, and fire insurance that can cost $3,000 to $10,000 per year. Fire zone designation narrows the buyer pool - which puts downward pressure on appraised value through limited comparable sales.
Can sellers prepare for an appraisal to protect the home's value?
Yes. Pull permits for any work you know was completed - even old work. Fix visible deferred maintenance. Prepare a comp package with 3 to 5 recent sales your agent believes support the price. Clean up exterior and provide clear access to all rooms, the garage, and the attic.
How long does a home appraisal take in Los Angeles?
Most residential appraisals in LA take 7 to 14 days from the inspection date to the final report. VA appraisals in Los Angeles County have a 10 business day completion target. Complex hillside homes or properties with limited comparable sales can take longer.
Does a soft real estate market make appraisal gaps more likely in LA?
Yes. In declining or slow markets, lower transaction volume means fewer comparable sales for appraisers to pull from. Less data produces more conservative valuations. In parts of LA where sales volume dropped after the January 2025 wildfires, appraisers have had to widen their search radius - which often produces lower adjusted values.
What is a Reconsideration of Value and how do I request one in California?
A Reconsideration of Value is a formal request to the lender asking the appraiser to review the valuation based on new evidence - typically missed comparable sales or factual errors. You submit it through your lender, not directly to the appraiser. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac ROV policies remain active for conventional loans as of May 2026.
Does a hillside location affect a home appraisal in Los Angeles?
Hillside homes in LA face a specific comp problem - fewer similar properties closing frequently enough to give appraisers clean data. Add in retrofit requirements, narrow access streets, and fire zone designations, and appraisers often apply a downward adjustment relative to flat-lot homes in the same neighborhood.
What appraisal issues are unique to historic or architectural homes in Los Angeles?
Mid-Century Modern homes in the Hollywood Hills, Spanish Revival properties in Los Feliz, and HPOZ-designated homes in Highland Park all face limited comparable sales - which makes appraisers conservative. HPOZ restrictions also limit renovation scope, which appraisers factor in as a constraint on future value improvement.
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